Knowledge

61.Piece dyed: Carpet dyed by immersion in an aqueous dye bath

62.Pile crush: Loss of pile thickness by compressing and intermingling of tufts caused by traffic and heavy furniture. It may be irreversible if the pile has inadequate resilience

63.Pile (face or nap): The visible surface of a carpet consisting of yarns in a loop and/or cut configuration

64.Pile height:: The length of a cut tuft, (or one leg of a loop), measured from its tip to the point where it enters the carpet backing

65.Pile (or tuft) density: The number of tufts per unit area

66.Pile thickness: The vertical distance from the carpet backing to the pile surface

67.Pilling: A condition of the carpet surface in which fibres from different tufts become entangled with wear to form small knots of fibre. The pills are anchored to the pile

68.Pitch: In a woven carpet, it is the number of ends of yarn in 27 inches of width

69.Plied yarn: A yarn composed of two more single yarns twisted together; the most common form of yarn used in carpets

70.Plush (or velour): A smooth cut pile carpet, with a lower and more dense pile than a Saxony carpet. Each individual yarn end is less distinguishable than in a Saxony

71.Ply: A measure of the number of individual yarns twisted together to produce the finished yarn

72.Primary backing: The fabric into which the loops of yarn are inserted in tufting; mostly woven or nonwoven polypropylene

73.Printed carpet: Carpet having a coloured pattern applied after finishing. Several different techniques are used, including jet injection, rotary screen and flatbed screen printing

74.Puckering: An installation defect in carpet seams in which one side is longer than the adjoining carpet edge. The excess gathers into wrinkles at the seam

75.Reed: Part of a carpet weaving loom consisting of thin strips of metal with spaces between then through which the warp yarns pass. The motion of the reed pushes fill yarn tightly into the fabric

76.Resilience: The ability of a carpet pile to return to its original thickness after a compressive load has been momentarily applied

77.Rows or wires: In a woven carpet, this is the number of pile yarn tufts per running inch lengthwise. Analogous to stitches per inch in tufted carpets

78.Rug: Carpet cut into room or area dimensions and laid loose

79.Saxony: A cut pile carpet with well-set surface yarns that are even across the surface. The tufts are longer, placed more densely and have better tuft definition than in a plush carpet

80.Sculptured: Any carpet pattern formed from high and low pile areas, such as high-low loop and cut and loop

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